Confucian Analects Book XIX Part 1 (孔夫子論語:第十九 第一部份)

Author: Confucius (孔夫子); translated by James Legge

Tzu-hsia said, A gentleman changes thrice. Looking up to him he seems stern; as we draw near, he warms; but his speech, when we hear it, is sharp.

第十九

BOOK XIX

1. 子張曰：「士見危致命，見得思義，祭思敬，喪思哀，其可已矣。」

Tzu-chang said, The knight that stakes his life when he sees danger, who in sight of gain thinks of right, and whose thoughts are reverent at worship, and sad when he is in mourning, will do.

2. 子張曰：「執德不弘，信道不篤，焉能為有？焉能為亡？」

Tzu-hsia said, Goodness, clutched too narrowly; a belief in the Way which is not honest; can they be said to be, or said not to be?

3. 子夏之門人，問「交」於子張。子張曰：「子夏云何？」對曰：「子夏曰：『可者與 之，其不可者拒之。』」子張曰：「異乎吾所聞：『君子尊賢而容眾，嘉善而矜不能。』我之大賢與，於人何所不容。我之不賢與，人將拒我，如之何拒人也！」

The disciples of Tzu-hsia asked Tzu-chang whom we should choose as our companions.
Tzu-chang said. What does Tzu-hsia say?
They answered, Tzu-hsia says, If the men be well for thee, go with them; if they be not well, push them off.
Tzu-chang said. This is not the same as what I had heard. A gentleman honours worth and bears with the many. He applauds goodness and pities weakness. If I were a man of great worth, what could I not bear with in others? If I am without worth, men will push me off: why should I push other men off?

4. 子夏曰：「雖小道，必有可觀者焉；致遠恐泥，是以君子不為也。」

Tzu-hsia said, Though there must be things worth seeing along small ways, a gentleman does not follow them, for fear of being left at last in the mire.

5. 子夏曰：「日知其所亡，月無忘其所能，可謂好學也已矣！」

Tzu-hsia said, He that each day remembers his failings and each month forgets nothing won may be said to love learning indeed!

6. 子夏曰：「博學而篤志，切問而近思，仁在其中矣。」

Tzu-hsia said, By wide learning and singleness of will, by keen questions and home thinking we reach love.

7. 子夏曰：「百工居肆，以成其事，君子學以致其道。」

Tzu-hsia said, To master the hundred trades, apprentices work in a shop; by learning, a gentleman finds his way.

8. 子夏曰：「小人之過也必文。」

Tzu-hsia said, The small man must always gloss his faults.

9. 子夏曰：「君子有三變：望之儼然，即之也溫，聽其言也厲。」

Tzu-hsia said, A gentleman changes thrice. Looking up to him he seems stern; as we draw near, he warms; but his speech, when we hear it, is sharp.

10. 子夏曰：「君子信而後勞其民，未信則以為厲己也。信而後諫，未信則以為謗己 也。」

Tzu-hsia said, Until they trust him, a gentleman lays no burdens on his people. If they do not trust him, they will think it cruel. Until they trust him, he does not chide them. Unless they trust him, it will seem fault-finding.