Discrete vs. Continuous, Defense of Octonions & Theory of Hadron

Discrete Time and Kleinian Structures in Duality between Spacetime and Particle Physics (by Lawrence B. Crowell): Abstract: The interplay between continuous and discrete structures results in a duality between the moduli space for black hole types and AdS7 spacetime. The 3 and 4 Q-bit structures of quantum black holes is equivalent to the conformal completion of AdS. http://prespacetime.com/index.php/pst/article/view/198

In Defense of Octonions (by Jonathan J. Dickau, Ray B. Munroe, Jr.): Abstract: Various authors have observed that the unit of the imaginary numbers, i, has a special significance as a quantity whose existence predates our discovery of it. It gives us the ability to treat degrees of freedom in the same way mathematically that we treat degrees of fixity. Thus; we can go beyond the Real number system to create or describe Complex numbers, which have a real part and an imaginary part. This allows us to simultaneously represent quantities like tension and stiffness with real numbers and aspects of vibration or variation with imaginary numbers, and thus to model something like a vibrating guitar string or other oscillatory systems. But if we take away the constraint of commutativity, this allows us to add more degrees of freedom, and to construct Quaternions, and if we remove the constraint of associativity, what results are called Octonions. We might have called them super-Complex and hyper-Complex numbers. But we can go no further, to envision a yet more complicated numbering system without losing essential algebraic properties. A recent Scientific American article by John Baez and John Huerta suggests that Octonions provide a basis for the extra dimensions required by String Theory and are generally useful for Physics, but others disagree. We examine this matter.

Nonlinear Theory of Elementary Particles Part XI: On the Structure and Theory of Hadrons (by Alexander G. Kyriakos): Abstract: In the present article it is shown that the Yang-Mills equation can be represented as the equation of some superposition of the non-linear electromagnetic waves. The topological characteristics of this representation allow us to discuss a number of the important questions of quantum chromodynamics. http://prespacetime.com/index.php/pst/article/view/200