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Abstract: The basic difficulties and challenges of Quantum Mind program are analyzed. The conclusion is that the recent form of quantum theory is not enough to overcome the challenges posed by the philosophical problems of quantum physics and quantum mind theories, and the puzzles of quantum biology and quantum neuroscience. Certain anomalies of recent day biology giving hints about how quantum theory should be generalized serve as an introduction to the summary of the aspects of quantum TGD especially relevant to the notion of Quantum Mind. These include the notions of many- sheeted space-time and field (magnetic) body, zero energy ontology, the identification dark matter as a hierarchy of phases with large value of Planck constant, and p-adic physics proposed to define physical correlates for cognition and intentionality. Especially relevant is the number theoretic generalization of Shannon entropy: this entropy is well defined for rational or even algebraic entanglement probabilities and its minimum as a function of the prime defining p-adic norm appearing in the definition of the entropy is negative. Therefore the notion of negentropic entanglement makes sense in the intersection of real and p-adic worlds and is negative: this motivates the proposal that living matter resides in this intersection. TGD inspired theory of consciousness is introduced as a generalization of quantum measurement theory. The notions of quantum jump and self de_ning the generalization of the notion of observer are introduced and it is argued that the notion of self reduces to that for quantum jump. Negentropy Maximization Principle reproduces standard quantum measurement theory for ordinary entanglement but respects negentropic entanglement so that the outcome of state function reduction is not random for negentropic entanglement. The new view about the relationship of experienced time and geometric time combined with zero energy ontology is claimed to solve the basic philosophical difficulties of quantum measurement theory and consciousness theory. The identi_cation of the quantum correlates of sensory qualia and Boolean cognition, emotions, cognition and intentionality and self-referentiality of consciousness is discussed. http://jcer.com/index.php/jcj/article/view/106
Quantum Mind, Magnetic Body, and Biological Body (by Matti Pitkänen)
Abstract: The article is devoted to detailed applications of TGD inspired view about Quantum Mind. Magnetic body carrying dark matter and forming an onion-like structure with layers characterized by large values of Planck constant is the key concept. Magnetic body is identified as intentional agent using biological body as sensory receptor and motor instrument. EEG is identified as a communication and control tool of the magnetic body and a fractal hierarchy of analogs of EEG is predicted. Living system is identified as a kind of Indra's net with biomolecules representing the nodes of the net and magnetic flux tubes connections between then. The reconnection of magnetic flux tubes and phase transitions changing Planck constant and therefore the lengths of the magnetic flux tubes are identified as basic mechanisms behind DNA replication and analogous processes and also behind the phase transitions associated with the gel phase in cell interior. The model of DNA as topological quantum computer is discussed as an application. A general model for qualia is introduced. The identification of the correlates of the fundamental qualia as quantum number increments for a subsystem is in a complete analogy with the identification of quantum numbers as characterizers of physical states. A general classification of qualia based on thermodynamical notions is discussed and a mechanism generating sensory qualia is proposed. Also the question whether some qualia could correspond also to those of magnetic body is raised. The capacitor model for sensory receptor based on the idea that sensory qualia are generated in the analog of di-electric breakdown introducing a ow of large number of particles with quantum numbers characterizing the quale. A model for the cell membrane as sensory receptor and as qualia chart with lipids serving as its pixels is developed. Although sensory rorgans are assumed to define the seats if the fundamental qualia also neurons would define sensory homunculi not necessarily responsible for sensory mental images at our level of self hierarchy. Cell membrane is assumed to be a quantum critical system taken to mean that it is near to a vacuum extremal of so called Kahler action. This explains large parity breaking in living matter (chiral selection) very difficult to understand in standard model. The model explains the peak frequencies of visible light for photoreceptors and predicts that biophotons and bunches of EEG photons result as decay products of same dark photons with energies mostly in visible range. The model of nerve pulse relies on the hypothesis that axonal membrane de_nes a Josephson junction. The ground state of the axon corresponds to a propagating soliton sequence for the phase difference over the membrane mathematically analogous to a sequence of coupled gravitational penduli with a constant phase difference between neighboring penduli. Nerve pulse is generated as one kicks one of the oscillating penduli. The model of nerve pulse explains the generation of EEG. The resonance frequencies of EEG can be understood as sums and di_erences of the harmonics of cyclotron frequencies of biologically important dark ions and of Josephson frequency. http://jcer.com/index.php/jcj/article/view/107
Quantum Physics and the Ontology of Mind (by Quentin Ruyant)
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to construct an ontology to account consistently for both the objective and subjective worlds. First, I will determine the fundamental properties of consciousness from a first-person perspective and derive from them a subjective definition of consciousness. Second, I will infer from their existence at a macroscopic level some expectations about the empirical world and show that these expectations can be identified with quantum properties of matter. This will lead to the construction of an ontology and to a physical counterpart of the former subjective definition of consciousness, which accounts for the existence of a continuum between conscious and unconscious states. Finally, I will go beyond the common objections to quantum mind to propose a simple yet suitable model of mind which explains why consciousness arises specifically inside the nervous systems of living creatures. http://jcer.com/index.php/jcj/article/view/104
Bohm’s Implicate Order, Wheeler’s Participatory Universe, Stapp’s Mindful Universe, Zurek’s Quantum Darwinism and the Buddhist Mind-Only Ground Consciousness (by Graham P. Smetham)
Abstract: The fundamental Buddhist definition of consciousness is ‘clarity that cognizes.’ This primordial nature is an essentially unified field of clarity, or emptiness, which is not the same as nothingness but, rather can be conceived of as a field of potential experience, which has the core function of perception or cognition. Because of this fundamental nature there is an inner tension at the heart of reality. The fundamental nature of awareness-consciousness is undivided (jnana) but its function is cognition, and cognition is a process which involves duality. This is why nondual awareness-wisdom (jnana) spontaneously divides itself into dualistic appearances in the illusory divided realm of dualistic consciousness (vijnana). The prefix ‘vi’ indicates a cut or division; cognition cannot take place without a rift, a division, in the basic nature of the fundamental awareness (jnana). Within this paradoxical nature of the self-perceiving ground of reality lies the solution to the riddle of existence. And within the mechanism of ‘quantum karma’ lies the understanding of the process of experiential dualistic seeming reality which really is just a cycle of endless perception, giving rise to manifestation, driven by the universe’s ‘craving’ to perceive its own nature. http://jcer.com/index.php/jcj/article/view/108
Abstract: The issues surrounding quantum brain/mind/consciousness research are both confusing and complex. If one can manage to grasp these issues, one may find that the past of this field has been fruitful and its future is indeed very promising. The current landscape and past achievements in this field have already been discussed by our colleagues as pointed herein. This editorial mainly attempts to classify/clarify some of the major issues and discuss what are lying ahead. Whatever difficulties may still remain, recent experimental results by several groups including those of the authors’ own make it very clear that quantum effects play important roles in brain functions despite of the denials and suspicions of the naysayer and skeptics. http://jcer.com/index.php/jcj/article/view/109
Time for Quantum Consciousness (by Massimo Pregnolato)
Abstract: The consciousness is the basis of our reality and our existence, but the mechanism by which the brain generates thoughts and feelings remains unknown. Most of the explanations depict the brain as a computer, with nerve cells (neurons) and their synaptic connections acting as simple switches. However, the calculation alone cannot explain why we have feelings, awareness and "inner life". Indeed, neurophysiological processes and phenomena of the mind are now among the biggest unanswered questions in science. It is time for quantum consciousness. http://jcer.com/index.php/jcj/article/view/105
Experimental Support of Spin-mediated Consciousness Theory from Various Sources (by Huping Hu, Maoxin Wu)
Abstract: This paper summarizes experimental support to spin-mediated consciousness theory from various sources including the results of our own. In doing so, we also provide explanations based on this theory to experimental phenomena such as out-of-body experience and sensed presence, quantum-like cognitive functions and optical illusions. Whether one agrees or not with the spin-mediated consciousness theory is for one alone to judge. In any event, the importance of the experimental results mentioned in this paper is obvious: quantum effects play important roles in brain/cognitive functions despite of the denials and suspicions of the naysayer and skeptics. http://jcer.com/index.php/jcj/article/view/110
Consciousness-mediated Spin Theory: The Transcendental Ground of Quantum Reality (by Huping Hu, Maoxin Wu)
Abstract: It is our comprehension that Consciousness is both transcendent and immanent as similarly understood in Hinduism. The transcendental aspect of Consciousness produces and influences reality through self-referential spin as the interactive output of Consciousness. In turn, reality produces and influences immanent aspect of Consciousness as the interactive input to Consciousness through self-referential spin. The spin-mediated consciousness theory as originally proposed has mainly dealt with the immanent aspect of Consciousness which is driven by the self-referential spin processes. This paper focuses and “regurgitates” on the transcendental aspect of Consciousness which drives the self-referential spin processes. http://jcer.com/index.php/jcj/article/view/111
Abstract: Entanglement has been described as excess correlation between separated parts of a quantum system that may exceed the boundaries of light velocity across space and time. The concept of macroscopic entanglement is considered an emergent condition of microscopic or quantum entanglement such that functional relationships between electron spin, orbital time and photon movements allow an interface with biological systems, particularly brain activity and function. Quantitative evidence is provided for such macroentanglement and discussed with respect to consciousness and electromagnetic fields, photon emissions from the human brain and geomagnetically based contributions, where quantitative convergence suggests processes associated with thinking could be linked to intrinsic characteristics of the electron from which quantum entanglement would emerge. http://jcer.com/index.php/jcj/article/view/99
The Electromagnetic Induction of Mystical and Altered States within the Laboratory (by Michael A. Persinger, Kevin Saroka, Stanley A. Koren, Linda S. St-Pierre)
Abstract: The human brain is the locus of all human experiences. The substantial microstructural and neuroelectrical differences between the two cerebral hemispheres predicts two major classes of mystical experiences which involve the sensed presence and the out-of-body experience. Their occurrence and their attributions to cosmic origins have been reported for centuries and have been the bases for social belief systems. Direct cerebral electrical stimulation during the 20th century evoked these experiences. In the 21st century the non-invasive, external transcerebral application of complex, physiologically-patterned weak magnetic fields has been shown to produce similar experiences that can be correlatively mapped by quantitative electroencephalographic inferences of interhemispheric coherence. The experimental production and control of these powerful experiences by more sophisticated technologies might be employed to understand the intricate nature and function of mystical/altered states within large populations of human beings. http://jcer.com/index.php/jcj/article/view/100
A Preliminary Experimental Verification of Violation of Bell Enequality in a Quantum Model of Jung Theory of Personality Formulated with Clifford Algebra (by Elio Conte, Orlando Todarello, Vincenza Laterza, Andrei Y. Khrennikov, Leonardo Mendolicchio, Antonio Federici)
Abstract: We comment some recent results obtained by using a Clifford bare bone skeleton of quantum mechanics in order to formulate the conclusion that quantum mechanics has its origin in the logic, and relates conceptual entities. Such results touch directly the basic problem about the structure of our cognitive and conceptual dynamics and thus of our mind. The problem of exploring consciousness results consequently to be strongly linked. This is the reason because studies on quantum mechanics applied to this matter are so important for neurologists and psychologists. Under this profile we present some experimental results showing violation of Bell inequality during the MBTI test in investigation of C.V. Jung’s theory of personality. http://jcer.com/index.php/jcj/article/view/101
Eccles’s Mind Field, Bohm-Hiley Active Information, and Tachyons (by Syamala Hari)
Abstract: We propose that memory and thought in the brain involve tachyons. As a first step, in an earlier paper it was suggested that mental units called psychons by Eccles could be tachyons. Although experiments to detect faster-than-light particles have not been successful so far, recently, there has been renewed interest in tachyon theories in various branches of physics. We suggest that tachyon theory may be applicable to brain physics as well. The present paper describes how the zero-energy tachyon field contributes to the active information defined by Bohm and Hiley. We propose that the superquantum potential and the union of quantum potentials at successive levels described by Bohm and Hiley are only mind-like but do not constitute the mind field itself. On the other hand, the change in the brain’s quantum potential produced by an interacting tachyon (which is mind itself in our proposal) is software-like, in other words, similar to a piece of code entered into a computer (digital or quantum) to map an algorithm in the computer programmer’s head. Unlike the Bohm-Hiley proposal, the tachyon proposal can mathematically describe how mind acts on the physical brain as well as how the brain acts on mind. http://jcer.com/index.php/jcj/article/view/102
Quantum Mind: Matrix of the Universe (by Graham P. Smetham)
Abstract: In this work we present a notion of God as the infinitely creative source and sustainer of the universe (“Quantum Mind”), a creative dimension of Being that, seemingly with purpose, fragments an infinite primordial awareness into a vast multitude of experiencing sentient beings. In fact the metaphysical model of the creation and functioning of the universe presented in this work has truly awe-inspiring and deeply significant implications for our understanding of and our engagement with the process of reality. In particular it must be pointed out that in actuality the account presented rules out a particular picture of God, the picture generally associated with naïve and fundamentalist views of theistic religion. However there are much less naïve and more philosophically coherent images of the notion of God which are associated with the mystical dimensions of theistic religions. The Theory of Everything outlined by Stephen Hawking and Leonard Mlodinow in their book The Grand Design: New Answers to the Ultimate Questions of Life is remarkable in a way that probably goes beyond the comprehension of the authors. Far from being a mere possible addition to the Hawking-Mlodinow metaphysical model, we shall see in the course of this paper that such a ‘mystical’ vision of the creative source of the process of the universe is required in order for the proposed TOE to get off the ground. http://jcer.com/index.php/jcj/article/view/103
