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In this article the focus is on the hadron physics. The applications are to various anomalies discovered during years.
1. Application of the many-sheeted space-time concept in hadron physics. The many-sheeted space-time concept involving also the notion of field body can be applied to hadron physics to explain findings which are difficult to understand in the framework of standard model. The spin puzzle of proton is a two decades old mystery with no satisfactory explanation in QCD framework. The notion of hadronic space-time sheet which could be imagined as string like rotating object suggests a possible approach to the spin puzzle. The entanglement between valence quark spins and the angular momentum states of the rotating hadronic space-time sheet could allow natural explanation for why the average valence quark spin vanishes. The notion of Pomeron was invented during the Bootstrap era preceding QCD to solve difficulties of Regge approach. There are experimental findings suggesting the reincarnation of this concept. The possibility that the newly born concept of Pomeron of Regge theory might be identified as the sea of perturbative QCD in TGD framework is considered. Geometrically Pomeron would correspond to hadronic space-time sheet without valence quarks.
The discovery that the charge radius of proton deduced from the muonic version of hydrogen atom is about 4 per cent smaller than from the radius deduced from hydrogen atom is in complete conflict with the cherished belief that atomic physics belongs to the museum of science. The title of the article {\it Quantum electrodynamics-a chink in the armour?} of the article published in Nature expresses well the possible implications, which might actually go well extend beyond QED. TGD based model for the findings relies on the notion of color magnetic body carrying both electromagnetic and color fields and extends well beyond the size scale of the particle. This gives rather detailed constraints on the model of the magnetic body. The soft photon production rate in hadronic reactions is by an average factor of about four higher than expected. In the article soft photons assignable to the decays of $Z^0$ to quark-antiquark pairs. This anomaly has not reached the attention of particle physics which seems to be the fate of anomalies quite generally nowadays: large extra dimensions and black-holes at LHC are much more sexy topics of study than the anomalies about which both existing and speculative theories must remain silent. TGD based model is based on the notion of electric flux tube.
2. Quark gluon plasma
QCD predicts that at sufficiently high collision energies de-confinement phase transitions for quarks should take place leading to quark gluon plasma. In heavy ion collisions at RHIC something like this was found to happen. The properties of the quark gluon plasma were however not what was expected. There are long range correlations and the plasma seems to behave like perfect fluid with minimal viscosity/entropy ratio. The lifetime of the plasma phase is longer than expected and its density much higher than QCD would suggest. The experiments at LHC for proton proton collisions suggest also the presence of quark gluon plasma with similar properties. TGD suggests an interpretation in terms of long color magnetic flux tubes containing the plasma. The confinement to color magnetic flux tubes would force higher density. The preferred extremals of K\"ahler action have interpretation as defining a flow of perfect incompressible fluid and the perfect fluid property is broken only by the many-sheeted structure of space-time with smaller space-time sheets assignable to sub-$CD$s representing radiative corrections. The phase in question corresponds to a non-standard value of Planck constant: this could also explain why the lifetime of the phase is longer than expected.
Particle Massivation in TGD Universe (by Matti Pitkänen): http://prespacetime.com/index.php/pst/article/view/278
This article represents the most recent view about particle massivation in TGD framework. This topic is necessarily quite extended since many several notions and new mathematics is involved. Indeed, the calculation of particle masses involves five chapters of [11]. In the following my goal is to provide an up-to-date summary whereas the chapters are unavoidably a story about evolution of ideas.
The identification of the spectrum of light particles reduces to two tasks: the construction of massless states and the identification of the states which remain light in p-adic thermodynamics. The latter task is relatively straightforward. The thorough understanding of the massless spectrum requires however a real understanding of quantum TGD. It would be also highly desirable to understand why p-adic thermodynamics combined with p-adic length scale hypothesis works. A lot of progress has taken place in these respects during last years.
Zero energy ontology providing a detailed geometric view about bosons and fermions, the generalization of $S$-matrix to what I call $M$-matrix, the notion of finite measurement resolution characterized in terms of inclusions of von Neumann algebras, the derivation of p-adic coupling constant evolution and p-adic length scale hypothesis from the first principles, the realization that the counterpart of Higgs mechanism involves generalized eigenvalues of the modified Dirac operator: these are represent important steps of progress during last years with a direct relevance for the understanding of particle spectrum and massivation although the predictions of p-adic thermodynamics are not affected.
During 2010 a further progress took place. These steps of progress relate closely to zero energy ontology, bosonic emergence, the realization of the importance of twistors in TGD, and to the discovery of the weak form of electric-magnetic duality. Twistor approach and the understanding of the Chern-Simons Dirac operator served as a midwife in the process giving rise to the birth of the idea that all particles at fundamental level are massless and that both ordinary elementary particles and string like objects emerge from them. Even more, one can interpret virtual particles as being composed of these massless on mass shell particles assignable to wormhole throats so that four-momentum conservation poses extremely powerful constraints on loop integrals and makes them manifestly finite.
The weak form of electric-magnetic duality led to the realization that elementary particles correspond to bound states of two wormhole throats with opposite K\"ahler magnetic charges with second throat carrying weak isospin compensating that of the fermion state at second wormhole throat. Both fermions and bosons correspond to wormhole contacts: in the case of fermions topological condensation generates the second wormhole throat. This means that altogether four wormhole throats are involved with both fermions, gauge bosons, and gravitons (for gravitons this is unavoidable in any case). For p-adic thermodynamics the mathematical counterpart of string corresponds to a wormhole contact with size of order $CP_2$ size with the role of its ends played by wormhole throats at which the signature of the induced 4-metric changes. The key observation is that for massless states the throats of spin 1 particle must have opposite three-momenta so that gauge bosons are necessarily massive, even photon and other particles usually regarded as massless must have small mass which in turn cancels infrared divergences and give hopes about exact Yangian symmetry generalizing that of ${\cal N}=4$ SYM. Besides this there is weak "stringy" contribution to the mass assignable to the magnetic flux tubes connecting the two wormhole throats at the two space-time sheets.
TGD predicts a lot of new physics and it is quite possible that this new physics becomes visible at LHC. Although the calculational formalism is still lacking, p-adic length scale hypothesis allows to make precise quantitative predictions for particle masses by using simple scaling arguments. The basic elements of quantum TGD responsible for new physics are following.
The new view about particles relies on their identification as partonic 2-surfaces (plus 4-D tangent space data to be precise). This effective metric 2-dimensionality implies generalizaton of the notion of Feynman diagram and holography in strong sense. One implication is the notion of field identity or field body making sense also for elementary particles and the Lamb shift anomaly of muonic hydrogen could be explained in terms of field bodies of quarks. The topological explanation for family replication phenomenon implies genus generation correspondence and predicts in principle infinite number of fermion families. One can however develop a rather general argument based on the notion of conformal symmetry known as hyper-ellipticity stating that only the genera $g=0,1,2$ are light. What "light" means is however an open question. If light means something below $CP_2$ mass there is no hope of observing new fermion families at LHC. If it means weak mass scale, situation changes.
For bosons the implications of family replication phenomenon can be understood from the fact that they can be regarded as pairs of fermion and antifermion assignable to the opposite wormhole throats of wormhole throat. This means that bosons formally belong to octet and singlet representations of dynamical SU(3) for which 3 fermion families define 3-D representation. Singlet would correspond to ordinary gauge bosons. Also interacting fermions suffer topological condensation and correspond to wormhole contact. One can either assume that the resulting wormhole throat has the topology of sphere or that the genus is same for both throats.
The view about space-time supersymmetry differs from the standard view in many respects. First of all, the super symmetries are not associated with Majorana spinors. Super generators correspond to the fermionic oscillator operators assignable to leptonic and quark-like induced spinors and there is in principle infinite number of them so that formally one would have ${\cal N}=\infty$ SUSY. I have discussed the required modification of the formalism of SUSY theories and it turns out that effectively one obtains just ${\cal N}=1$ SUSY required by experimental constraints. The reason is that the fermion states with higher fermion number define only short range interactions analogous to van der Waals forces. Right handed neutrino generates this super-symmetry broken by the mixing of the $M^4$ chiralities implied by the mixing of $M^4$ and $CP_2$ gamma matrices for induced gamma matrices. The simplest assumption is that particles and their superpartners obey the same mass formula but that the p-adic length scale can be different for them.
One of the basic distinctions between TGD and standard model is the new view about color. The first implication is separate conservation of quark and lepton quantum numbers implying the stability of proton against the decay via the channels predicted by GUTs. This does not mean that proton would be absolutely stable. p-Adic and dark length scale hierarchies indeed predict the existence of scale variants of quarks and leptons and proton could decay to hadons of some zoomed up copy of hadrons physics. These decays should be slow and presumably they would involve phase transition changing the value of Planck constant characterizing proton. It might be that the simultaneous increase of Planck constant for all quarks occurs with very low rate. Also color excitations of leptons and quarks are in principle possible. Detailed calculations would be required to whether their mass scale is given by $CP_2$ mass scale. The so called leptohadron physics proposed to explain certain anomalies associated with both electron, muon, and $\tau$ lepton could be understood in terms of color octet excitations of leptons.
The new view about particle massivation involves besides p-adic thermodynamics also Higgs but there is no need to assume that Higgs vacuum expectation plays any role. The most natural option favored by the assumption that elementary bosons are bound states of massless elementary fermions, by twistorial considerations, and by the fact that both gauge bosons and Higgs form SU(2) triplet and singlet, predicts that also photon and other massless gauge bosons develop small mass so that all Higgs particles and their colored variants would disappear from spectrum. Same could happen for Higgsinos.
Fractal hierarchies of weak and hadronic physics labelled by p-adic primes and by the levels of dark matter hierarchy are highly suggestive. Ordinary hadron physics corresponds to $M_{107}=2^{107}-1$. One especially interesting candidate would be scaled up hadronic physics which would correspond to $M_{89}=2^{89}-1$ defining the p-adic prime of weak bosons. The corresponding string tension is about 512 GeV and it might be possible to see the first signatures of this physics at LHC. Nuclear string model in turn predicts that nuclei correspond to nuclear strings of nucleons connected by colored flux tubes having light quarks at their ends. The interpretation might be in terms of $M_{127}$ hadron physics. In biologically most interesting length scale range 10 nm-2.5 $\mu$m there are four Gaussian Mersennes and the conjecture is that these and other Gaussian Mersennes are associated with zoomed up variants of hadron physics relevant for living matter. Cosmic rays might also reveal copies of hadron physics corresponding to $M_{61}$ and $M_{31}$ Weak form of electric magnetic duality implies that the fermions and antifermions associated with both leptons and bosons are K\"ahler magnetic monopoles accompanied by monopoles of opposite magnetic charge and with opposite weak isospin. For quarks K\"ahler magnetic charge need not cancel and cancellation might occur only in hadronic length scale. The magnetic flux tubes behave like string like objects and if the string tension is determined by weak length scale, these string aspects should become visible at LHC. If the string tension is 512 GeV the situation becomes less promising.
In this article and the following article the predicted new physics and possible indications for it are discussed.
Overall View about TGD from Particle Physics Perspective (by Matti Pitkänen): http://prespacetime.com/index.php/pst/article/view/275
Topological Geometrodynamics is able to make rather precise and often testable predictions. In this and two other articles I want to describe the recent over all view about the aspects of quantum TGD relevant for particle physics. In the first article I will concentrate the heuristic picture about TGD with emphasis on particle physics. First I will represent briefly the basic ontology: the motivations for TGD and the notion of many-sheeted space-time, the concept of zero energy ontology, the identification of dark matter in terms of hierarchy of Planck constant which now seems to follow as a prediction of quantum TGD, the motivations for p-adic physics and its basic implications, and the identification of space-time surfaces as generalized Feynman diagrams and the basic implications of this identification.
Symmetries of quantum TGD are discussed. Besides the basic symmetries of the imbedding space geometry allowing to geometrize standard model quantum numbers and classical fields there are many other symmetries. General Coordinate Invariance is especially powerful in TGD framework allowing to realize quantum classical correspondence and implies effective 2-dimensionality realizing strong form of holography. Super-conformal symmetries of super string models generalize to conformal symmetries of 3-D light-like 3-surfaces and one can understand the generalization of Equivalence Principle in terms of coset representations for the two super Virasoro algebras associated with lightlike boundaries of so called causal diamonds defined as intersections of future and past directed lightcones ($CD$s) and with light-like 3-surfaces. Super-conformal symmetries imply generalization of the space-time supersymmetry in TGD framework consistent with the supersymmetries of minimal supersymmetric variant of the standard model. Twistorial approach to gauge theories has gradually become part of quantum TGD and the natural generalization of the Yangian symmetry identified originally as symmetry of ${\cal N}=4$ SYMs is postulated as basic symmetry of quantum TGD.
The so called weak form of electric-magnetic duality has turned out to have extremely far reaching consequences and is responsible for the recent progress in the understanding of the physics predicted by TGD. The duality leads to a detailed identification of elementary particles as composite objects of massless particles and predicts new electro-weak physics at LHC. Together with a simple postulate about the properties of preferred extremals of K\"ahler action the duality allows also to realize quantum TGD as almost topological quantum field theory giving excellent hopes about integrability of quantum TGD.
There are two basic visions about the construction of quantum TGD. Physics as infinite-dimensional K\"ahler geometry of world of classical worlds (WCW) endowed with spinor structure and physics as generalized number theory. These visions are briefly summarized as also the practical constructing involving the concept of Dirac operator. As a matter fact, the construction of TGD involves three Dirac operators. The K\"ahler Dirac equation holds true in the interior of space-time surface and its solutions havea natural interpretation in terms of description of matter, in particular condensed matter. Chern-Simons Dirac action is associated with the light-like 3-surfaces and space-like 3-surfaces at ends of space-time surface at light-like boundaries of $CD$. One can assign to it a generalized eigenvalue equation and the matrix valued eigenvalues correspond to the the action of Dirac operator on momentum eigenstates.
Momenta are however not usual momenta but pseudo-momenta very much analogous to region momenta of twistor approach. The third Dirac operator is associated with super Virasoro generators and super Virasoro conditions define Dirac equation in WCW. These conditions characterize zero energy states as modes of WCW spinor fields and code for the generalization of $S$-matrix to a collection of what I call $M$-matrices defining the rows of unitary $U$-matrix defining unitary process.
Twistor approach has inspired several ideas in quantum TGD during the last years and it seems that the Yangian symmetry and the construction of scattering amplitudes in terms of Grassmannian integrals generalizes to TGD framework. This is due to ZEO allowing to assume that all particles have massless fermions as basic building blocks. ZEO inspires the hypothesis that incoming and outgoing particles are bound states of fundamental fermions associated with wormhole throats. Virtual particles would also consist of on mass shell massless particles but without bound state constraint. This implies very powerful constraints on loop diagrams and there are excellent hopes about their finiteness. Twistor approach also inspires the conjecture that quantum TGD allows also formulation in terms of 6-dimensional holomorphic surfaces in the product $CP_3\times CP_3$ of two twistor spaces and general arguments allow to identify the partial different equations satisfied by these surfaces.
On the basis of these fundamental insights the doctrines of ‘rebirth’ and ‘dependent origination’ are shown to be crucial metaphysical components of the overall early Buddhist worldview as taught by the Buddha. These doctrines are also shown to be consistent with modern quantum theory. On the basis of this investigation recent claims that the 3-lifetimes model of dependent origination is mistaken are shown to be desperately misleading. http://scigod.com/index.php/sgj/article/view/156
The Quantum Truth of the Buddhist Metaphysics of the ‘Two Truths’ or ‘Two Realities’ (by Graham P. Smetham): Abstract: According to the ‘Buddhist’ writer Stephen Batchelor the core Buddhist doctrine of the ‘two truths’ or ‘two realities’ is a major mistake on the part of Buddhist practitioners and philosophers throughout the ages. Although this doctrine has been central to Buddhist thinking since the time of the Buddha, Batchelor says that it is a serious mistake, and is completely unscientific. This article show that it is Batchelor who is desperately mistaken because modern quantum theory has validated the metaphysical claim that the ‘classical’ or ‘conventional’ world is an illusion which is derived from the deeper quantum realm. Thus the division into the ‘classical’ realm and the ‘quantum’ realm maps onto the Buddhist distinction between the ‘conventional’ mode of reality and the ‘ultimate’ mode of reality. Far from Buddhist philosophy being ‘unscientific’, it is Batchelor who displays ignorance of modern science. http://scigod.com/index.php/sgj/article/view/157
The Myth of Mind-Independent Reality & the Metaphysics of Nondual Epiontic Quantum Mindnature (by Graham P. Smetham): Abstract: In this paper I shall argue that the notion of the ‘existence’ of a ‘Mind Independent Reality’ (MIR) is ill conceived if one understands this concept as indicating that there is some ‘ultimate’ or final aspect of reality which is absolutely and totally beyond the mind’s com-prehension or experience. By elucidating the central features of the Buddhist Mind-Only metaphysical account of the operation of the ‘three natures’ of fundamental Mindnature in the context of modern quantum physics and quantum field theory I set out to show that a ‘Metaphysics of Nondual Epiontic Quantum Mindnature’ provides a comprehensive and exhaustive account of the process of reality; an account which has no room or necessity for a mind-independent reality (MIR). http://jcer.com/index.php/jcj/article/view/188
The Elegance of Enigma: Quantum Darwinism, Quantum Bayesianism (QBism) & Quantum Buddhism (by Graham P. Smetham): Abstract: Quantum Bayesianism or QBism is a new approach to quantum interpretation which offers a radically subjectivist and pan-experientialist account of the functioning of quantum ‘reality’ and the emergence of the ‘classical’ world. In a recent collection of essays Elegance and Enigma: The Quantum Interviews there is a debate between one of the supporters of the QBism paradigm, C. A. Fuchs, and the instigator of ‘quantum Darwinism’, W. Zurek, as to the viability of such a radically subjectivist position. Zurek suggests that the ‘many worlds’ interpretation and the QBism perspectives are extreme views and his perspective steers a ‘middle way’ between the two. In this article I show that an almost identical metaphysical debate occurred in fourteenth and fifteenth Tibetan Buddhism concerning the nature of ultimate reality. The two debates are examined, contrasted and the conclusion that it may be the case that quantum reality may be describable in differing complementary and interrelated ways is drawn. http://jcer.com/index.php/jcj/article/view/189
It is time to consider an option we might normally dismiss out of hand. This essay explores the virtual reality conjecture, that the physical world is the digital output of non-physical quantum processing. It finds it neither illogical, nor unscientific, nor incompatible with current physics. In this model, quantum entities are programs, movement is the transfer of processing, interactions are processing overloads and the fields of physics are network properties. It has no empty space, no singularities and all the conservations of physics just conserve processing. Its prediction, that the collision of high frequency light in a vacuum can create permanent matter, will test it. If the physical world has the properties of a processing output, physics must rewrite the story behind its equations. http://prespacetime.com/index.php/pst/article/view/268
Commentary on Whitworth's "Virtual Reality Conjecture" (by Lawrence B. Crowell): Abstract: This is my Commentary on Brian Whitworth's "Virtual Reality Conjecture." http://prespacetime.com/index.php/pst/article/view/270
Response to Crowell’s Commentary (by Brian Whitworth): Abstract: Here is my response to Crowell’s Commentary [1] on “The Virtual Reality Conjecture [2].” http://prespacetime.com/index.php/pst/article/view/271
If the LHC Particle Is Real, What Is One of the Other Possibilities than the Higgs Boson? (by Huping Hu, Maoxin Wu): Abstract: In the prespacetime model, an unspinized particle governed by a matrix law is the precursor of all spinized particles and thus steps into the shoes played by the Higgs particle. We speculate here that what has been found at the LHC, if real, is plausibly the unspinized particle of the prespacetime model. The wave function of a fermion or boson is respectively a bispinor or bi-vector but that of the unspinized particle is two-component complex scalar field. Thus, it may have different behavior than that of either the boson or fermion which may be detectable at LHC. http://scigod.com/index.php/sgj/article/view/153
什么是科学主? What Is Scientific GOD? (by Huping Hu, Maoxin Wu): Abstract: 科学主是关于主的科学及主的新科学启示. 它是科学技术时代追求真理和统一的新道路. 科学主从科学角度支持所有传统宗教的大部份精神,神秘和唯心教导. Scientific GOD is about the scientific aspect of GOD and Its new scientific revelations. It is a new pathway to truth and unity in the age of science and technology. Scientific GOD provides scientific bases for many spiritual, mystical and metaphysical teachings of all traditional religions. http://scigod.com/index.php/sgj/article/view/154
Holographic Trans-disciplinary Framework of Consciousness: An Integrative Perspective (by Tamar Levin): Abstract: This paper suggests an integrative framework for conceptualizing human consciousness and compliments it with existing research data. The framework is based on the holographic and trans-disciplinary worldviews and their implied implicate-explicate order and the holographic knowing-becoming-experiencing-valuing human being who interacts interdependently with/within different levels of reality. The framework conceptualizes universal consciousness as a fundamental part of reality/universe that complements physical potentialities and brings them to actual physical states. It regards human consciousness as both structure and system, state and process, means and end, experience, information and energy, having a metaphysical /spiritual /implicit /implicate layer and a physical/ material /explicit and / explicate layer expressed via biological, chemical, and physical processes. It also considers human consciousness as incorporating inward-outward 'space' processes and a backward-forward 'time' system's view expressin/influencing different modes of thinking, feeling, and behaving, and personal and transpersonal elements. The framework focuses on the unique functions, and interactions in heart-soul and brain-mind relations and their effects on states of consciousness. The subjective nature of consciousness is conceptualized in terms of the essence of individuality manifested by the root of the soul, the genetic spiritual-DNA code, and the individual's historic evolution through different life-cycles. http://jcer.com/index.php/jcj/article/view/174
Cells, Neurons, and Qualia: The Holographic Strange Attractor Model (by Claudio Messori): Abstract: A biophysical model to interpret biological, neurological and psychic phenomena is presented, in a quantum-relativistic key. A central role is attributed to the concept of Spin in explaining space-time geometry as well as the genesis of energetic and sub-energetic phenomena. Energy is considered in relation to both its vectorial and scalar components. The dynamic of cells, neurons and qualia is ascribed to the field of nonlinear transient systems of a chaotic kind, and explained in the light of the syntropic action of a quasi-virtual object known as a HoSA (Holographic Strange Attractor). In conclusion, an epigenetic and relativistic location is assigned to the mental fact, thought, and consciousness. http://jcer.com/index.php/jcj/article/view/163
Transcending the Shamed Self (by Gary Schouborg): Abstract: To contribute to understanding self-transcendence, this article provides an account of my personal experience of transcending my shamed self. This requires explaining the kind of self and shame involved. In mystical literature, the consciousness that remains after self-transcendence is sometimes called the Self or non-ego, in contrast to the self or ego, which is the empirical, executive self of ordinary consciousness and functioning. The self includes specific selves that play distinctive roles in various contexts. The specific self transcended in my personal experience was the shamed self, one that was experiencing the self-rejecting emotion of shame. Ordinary discourse as well as philosophical and empirical research often employ the term shame[GMN1] generically while failing to distinguish among at least eight closely related emotions: shyness; embarrassment; fear of rejection; feeling exposed, vulnerable, inferior, or unfulfilled; and self-rejection—shame in the strict sense, the emotion caused by my self-evaluation that I do not deserve love, even my own. The article proceeds in six parts: a summary introduction; a phenomenological account of shame; a phenomenological account of my personal experience of shame; a phenomenological account of my personal experience of transcending my shamed self; a phenomenological account of the aftermath; and an outline of a naturalistic explanation of my self-transcendence. Throughout the article, the term Self refers to an embodied, observing Self that avoids overly identifying with any aspect or function of the self, rather than an ontologically disembodied entity that transcends nature. http://jcer.com/index.php/jcj/article/view/186
Existential Mechanics Part I: The Three Progressive Levels of Reality and Experience (by Steven E. Kaufman): Abstract: In this article the three different types of experience that we apprehend, i.e., emotional, mental, and physical, are each related to one of the three different and progressive levels of Realty or Relational Structure that emerge as a result of the iterative process of Existential self-relation. Thus, what is presented is a description of how Existence evolves into different levels of Reality composed of different Relational Structures, while at the same time creating at each level of Reality a distinct type of relative existence apprehended by the Existence involved in those relations as a distinct and particular type of experience. http://jcer.com/index.php/jcj/article/view/183
Existential Mechanics Part II: The Big Picture; The Relation Between the Structure of Reality and What We Experience as Reality (by Steven E. Kaufman): Abstract: In this article both the inner orientation of emotional and mental experience, as well as the outer orientation of physical experience, are described as a function of our particular position and perspective within the fractal Structure of Reality relative to the particular level of Reality at which each of those different types of experience are created. Additionally, the Relational Structure of Reality is described as the framework that underlies our overall apprehension of mental and physical reality by relating the different levels of Reality to different fundamental aspects of what we apprehend as mental and physical reality. Also described is the relation between what is expressed in quantum physics as the wave function and the underlying Structure of Reality from which that expression is derived, including a description of what occurs within that Relational Structure to produce the event referred to as the collapse of the wave function. http://jcer.com/index.php/jcj/article/view/184
Fractional Modified Special Relativity (by Hosein Nasrolahpour): Abstract: Fractional calculus represents a natural tool for describing relativistic phenomena in pseudo-Euclidean space-time. In this study, Fractional modified special relativity is presented. We obtain fractional generalized relation for the time dilation. http://prespacetime.com/index.php/pst/article/view/206
Deconstructing Reality: Is Reality Really Real? (by Graham P. Smetham): Abstract: The seemingly solid entities that sentient beings experience as the ‘truth’ or mode of apprehension of the everyday world can, seemingly, be broken down into increasingly small particles. The ‘ultimate’ truth, or ‘ultimate’ level of reality, would, perhaps, be found when there is a ‘particle’ which can no longer be divided, if such things ‘exist’ ultimately. If they do not … well then we arrive at the quantum level, or what Buddhist metaphysics calls ‘emptiness’. In this paper I will use the Buddhist philosopher Dharmakirti’s imaginative deconstruction of reality, in the context of quantum theory, to try to answer the question which seems to be posed by quantum theory: Is ‘Reality’ really real? In our search for the ultimate nature of reality we have to leave behind the ‘seeming’ appearances of the everyday world, however persuasive the appearance may be, and break through to a more ‘ultimate truth’ concerning the nature of reality. We shall discover that Dharmakirti’s philosophical analysis, alongside other Buddhist insights, which lead to the ‘ultimate’ realm of ‘empty’ Mindnature, prefigures modern quantum discoveries, particularly the notion of an ‘Epiontic Universe’ which derives from the ‘quantum Darwinism’ perspective suggested by Wojciech H. Zurek. http://prespacetime.com/index.php/pst/article/view/249